Recombinant DNA is created by incorporating DNA from two or more sources into a single molecule. First, both the original molecule and the sequence researchers want to insert are cut with restriction enzymes, proteins that make cuts at specific sequences in DNA.
Next an enzyme called ligase is used to seal the two together into a single molecule. Often, other genes besides the gene of interest will also be introduced in order to distinguish bacteria or cells that successfully take up the new DNA from those that do not.
The DNA can be introduced easily into bacteria using several different techniques; transfecting plant or animal cells with DNA is more difficult, although scientists have developed techniques to do this as well. Gene cloning is a procedure that involves making copies of a gene by inserting it into a circular piece of DNA then introducing this DNA into bacteria.
Another common recombinant DNA technique involves adding a reporter gene called GFP (green fluorescent protein) to a gene of interest and introducing this gene into a cell; since the GFP will make the protein product of the gene fluorescent, scientists can use this approach to track the protein product and its interactions. Genes can also be "knocked out" by altering the gene in a way that will disable it in the cell
Next an enzyme called ligase is used to seal the two together into a single molecule. Often, other genes besides the gene of interest will also be introduced in order to distinguish bacteria or cells that successfully take up the new DNA from those that do not.
The DNA can be introduced easily into bacteria using several different techniques; transfecting plant or animal cells with DNA is more difficult, although scientists have developed techniques to do this as well. Gene cloning is a procedure that involves making copies of a gene by inserting it into a circular piece of DNA then introducing this DNA into bacteria.
Another common recombinant DNA technique involves adding a reporter gene called GFP (green fluorescent protein) to a gene of interest and introducing this gene into a cell; since the GFP will make the protein product of the gene fluorescent, scientists can use this approach to track the protein product and its interactions. Genes can also be "knocked out" by altering the gene in a way that will disable it in the cell
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